The introduction associated with hundreds of thousands of fresh men and women just a number of years, compared with a population of a few 15,000 Europeans and also Californios beforehand, have many remarkable effects.
Development with administration along with business Negative influence World-wide monetary excitement Longer-term consequences Geology See as well California Gold Rush Songs California U.S. rare metal rushes Early U.S. mining NotesCalifornia State University, Stanislaus . 2002. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
Learn California.org, an affiliate site suitable for that .
California Historic Gold Mines , released by simply the State connected with California. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888). .
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 39 41.
Holliday, J. S. (1999). Rush regarding riches; gold fever along with the particular making of California. Oakland, California, Berkeley plus Los Angeles: . p. 60.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 55 56.
Starr, Kevin (2005). California: a history. New York: The Modern Library. p. 80.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 103 105.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 59 60.
Holliday, J. S. (1999), p. 51 ("800 residents").
Rawls, James J. in addition to Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (1999). A fantastic state: mining in addition to monetary development inside Gold Rush California (California History Sesquicentennial Series, 2). Berkeley along with Los Angeles: . p. 187.
Holliday, J. S. (1999), p. 126.
Sell-oldgold.com, an instructional source to get historic gold, silver, and coin information. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
Hill, Mary (1999), p. 1.
Brands, H. W. (2003). The age group of gold: the particular California Gold Rush as well as the brand new American dream. New York: Anchor (reprint ed.). pp. 103 121.
Nicaragua appeared to be formulated in 1851; it was significantly less well-liked as being the Panama option. Rawls, James J. plus Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 252 253.
Rawls, James J. in addition to Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 5.
Holliday, J. S. (1999), pp. 101, 107.
Starr, Kevin (2005), p. 80; . Oakland Museum associated with California. 1998. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 363 366.
Dillon, Richard (1975). Siskiyou Trail. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. 361 362.
Wells, Harry L. (1881). History with Siskiyou County, California. Oakland, California: D.J. Stewart & Co.. pp. 60 64.
Bodie , your best-known ghosting smaller population center around California, time through the 1870s and also later, very well after the stop with the Gold Rush.
^ Rawls, James J. as well as Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (1999), p. 3.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 9.
Rawls, James J. and also Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 8.
^ Miller, Joaquin (1873). Life among the particular Modocs: unwritten history. Berkeley: Heyday Books; reprint edition (January 1996). On-line variant associated with book
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 43 46.
Moynihan, Ruth B., Armitage, Susan, as well as Dichamp, Christiane Fischer (eds.) (1990). So Much to be able to Be Done. Lincoln: U Nebraska, p. 3
Starr, Kevin and Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000). Rooted throughout barbarous soil: people, culture, and also town within Gold Rush California. Berkeley plus Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press. pp. 50 54.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. forty eight 53.
^ Starr, Kevin along with Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 50 54.
Caughey, John Walton (1975). . Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 197 202.
Holliday, J. S. (1999) p. 63. Holliday information these kind of luckiest prospectors were being recovering, in short amounts associated with time, precious metal worthy of over $1 million any time respected along at the cash associated with today.
Starr, Kevin in addition to Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), p. 28.
^ Starr, Kevin as well as Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 57 61.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 53 61.
^ Starr, Kevin and also Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 53 56.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 61 64.
Chinese developed 'Gold Mountain' ", The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 93 103.
Starr, Kevin plus Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 57 61. Other shows consist of 70,000 to 90,000 arrivals throughout 1849 (ibid. p. 57).
Starr, Kevin plus Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), p. 25.
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 193 194.
Starr, Kevin as well as Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), p. 62.
Gold Rush: Background
Freguli, Carolyn. (eds.) (2008), pp.8 9.
Another appraisal is 2,500 forty-niners associated with African ancestry. Rawls, James, J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 5.
Edmond Edward Wysinger (1816-1891), view furthermore Moses Rodgers (1835-1900)
Starr, Kevin and Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 67 69.
^ Out with Many, fifth Edition Volume 1, Faragher 2006 (p.411)
Moynihan, Ruth B., Armitage, Susan, as well as Dichamp, Christiane Fischer (eds.) (1990), pp. 3-8
Levy, Joann (1992). They observed this elephant: Women in that California Gold Rush. Archon:N.p., pp. xxii, 92
Californios or perhaps this California Indians. The making it through U.S. census is important within California accumulate in order to 92,600, not including this shed censuses associated with San Francisco (the largest metropolis inside California from which time), Contra Costa local as well as Santa Clara County . The exactly who came up to California inside that earlier a long time were some sort of distinct minority, including things like a lesser amount of as compared to 10% on the population.
Holliday, J. S. (1999), pp. 115 123.
Rawls, James J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 235.
^ Rawls, James J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 123 125.
Rawls, James J. in addition to Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p.127. There were less than 1,000 U.S. militia with California in the beginning belonging to the Gold Rush.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 27.
The u . s . regularions in place at that time of the California Gold Rush was the , that helped "squatters" to boost government land, then buy it on the government once 14 months.
Paul, Rodman W. (1947) California Gold, Lincoln: Univ. Nebraska Press, p.211 213.
^ Clay, Karen and Wright, Gavin. (2005), pp. 155 183.
^ Clappe, Louise Amelia Knapp Smith (ed. 2001). . Retrieved July 31, 2010. Dame Shirley ended up being the particular appoint adopted by Louise Amelia Knapp Smith Clappe while the girl wrote your line connected with words to her spouse and children conveying in depth her lifetime while in the Feather River goldfields. The coorespondence were initially published in 1854-1855 by The Pioneer magazine.
Chaffee laws " of 1866 in addition to the "placer law" connected with 1870. Lindley, Curtis H. (1914) A Treatise with your American Law Relating to Mines plus Mineral Lands, San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney, p.89 92. Karen Clay and Gavin Wright, "Order Without Law? Property Rights During the California Gold Rush." Explorations inside Economic History 2004 42(2): 155-183. See furthermore John F. Burns, as well as Richard J. Orsi, eds;
Information Sharing During the particular Klondike Gold Rush, p. 13-14. DOUGLAS W. ALLEN, Simon Fraser University
Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 198 200.
Images along with specific description with placer mining gear as well as tactics ; graphic of long tom
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888), pp. 87 88.
Rawls, James J. plus Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 90.
The product is usually familiar with calculate important metals, not the greater recognizable system. The phrase "ounces" utilized in this specific write-up that will talk about rare metal commonly refers to troy ounces. There will be many historical makes use of where, with the grow older on the use, the actual intent is ambiguous.
^ Mining History along with Geology from the Mother Lode (accessed Oct. 16, 2006).
Starr, Kevin (2005), p. 89.
aqueducts and reservoirs over gold-bearing areas, and also introduced that saved normal water in a overflow in an attempt to take away over-burden along with expose gold-bearing bedrock, a procedure also known as Las M dulas around Spain along with Dolaucothi with South Cornwall . There is, however, simply no proof belonging to the previously make use of hoses, nozzles and also uninterrupted jets involving waters in the manner developed around California through the Gold Rush.
. Refinity.com, some sort of resource with regard to gold, silver, and coin information. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
^ Rawls, James J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 32 36.
^ Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 116 121.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 199.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 36 39.
"]. readme-ebooks.org, The Pierian Press, 8 August 1999. Online. Internet.. 18 May 1743. Retrieved .
Rawls, James J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 39 43.
Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Jason T. May, as well as Roger L. Hothem. . Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Karen Clay and Randall Jones, "Migrating that will Riches? Evidence in the California Gold Rush," Journal associated with Economic History, Dec 2008, Vol. 68 Issue 4, pp 997-1027
Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (1998). Days involving Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation. Berkeley in addition to Los Angeles: University regarding California Press. ISBN .
^ Holliday, J. S. (1999) pp. 69 70.
Holliday, J. S. (1999), p. 63.
Clay and also Jones, "Migrating that will Riches? Evidence out of the particular California Gold Rush," Journal of Economic History, 2008,
Levi's jeans were not formulated right up until the particular 1870s. Lynn Downey, Levi Strauss & Co. (2007)
James Lick created a great find performing a motel and also joining terrain conjecture throughout San Francisco. Lick's fortune was employed to construct Lick Observatory .
Leland Stanford , Collis P. Huntington , Mark Hopkins along with Charles Crocker , Sacramento location marketers (later generally known as the Big Four ) who financed the american lower calf with the First Transcontinental Railroad , along with became pretty wealthy like a result.
Susan Lee Johnson, Roaring Camp: The public universe on the California Gold Rush. (2000), pp. 164-168.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 52-68, 193 197.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 212 214.
Rawls, James J. and also Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 256 259.
Holliday, J. S. (1999) p. 90.
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 193 197; 214 215.
Rawls, James J. in addition to Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 214.
Rawls, James J. plus Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), p. 212.
Rawls, James J. in addition to Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 226 227.
Starr, Kevin and Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), p. 50. Other estimations are generally that there have been 7,000 13,000 non-Native Americans throughout California in advance of January 1848. See Holliday, J. S. (1999), pp. 26, 51.
Kevin Starr stated, for all those its difficulties as well as benefits, this Gold Rush recognized the "founding patterns, the actual DNA code, involving American California." See Starr, Kevin (2005), p. 80.
^ Starr, Kevin (2005), pp. 91 93.
Rawls, James J. along with Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 243 248. By 1860, California had over 200 flour mills, plus had been exporting wheat and flour across the world. Ibid. at 278 280.
Starr, Kevin (2005), pp. 110 111.
Starr, Kevin (1973). Americans along with the California dream: 1850 1915. New York as well as Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 69 75.
Caughey, 1975, p. 192
Population from the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1870 , U.S. Bureau from the Census
Harper's New Monthly Magazine March 1855, Volume 10, Issue 58, p. 543.
Final voyage in the S.S. Central America . Retrieved 2008-04-25.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 192 196.
Anacapa Island off the Southern California coastline around December 1853. All fingers along with individuals were saved, with the cargo of gold, though the post was a total loss.
Cambridge University Press . p.205. ISBN 0-521-55203-6
.
Heizer, Robert F. (1974). The destruction regarding California Indians. Lincoln plus London: Univ. associated with Nebraska Press. p. 243.
California Secretary regarding State . Retrieved 2009-03-23.
Castillo, Edward D. (1998). .
Starr, Kevin (2005), p. 99.
Starr, Kevin plus Orsi, Richard J. (eds.) (2000), pp. 56 79.
Joaquin Murrieta ended up being a famous Mexican bandit through the Gold Rush from the 1850s.
Rawls, James J. and also Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 285 286.
Rawls, James J. plus Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 287 289.
Younger, R. M. 'Wondrous Gold' inside Australia as well as the Australians: A New Concise History, Rigby, Sydney, 1970
Rawls, James J. and Orsi, Richard (eds.) (1999), pp. 278 279.
Historians James Rawls along with Walton Bean have postulated which are this not with regard to that exposure associated with gold, will often have been the usage of statehood ahead associated with California, and therefore the primary "Pacific Railroad may have been built to the next state." See Rawls, James, J., plus Walton Bean (2003), p. 112.
Kevin Starr, Americans and also the California Dream, 1850-1915 (1986)
Brands, H. W. (2003), p. 442.
A notions regarding lawlessness also seemed to be joined with California. See, Robert A. Burchell, "The Loss of a Reputation; or, The Image of California inside Britain ahead of 1875," California Historical Quarterly 53 (Summer I974): 115-30 (stories with regards to Gold Rush lawlessness deterred many immigration for two decades).
" griculture string involving development, putting to use additional people than mining by way of 1869 . . . and surpassing exploration throughout 1879 as the foremost component the California economy." Starr, Kevin (2005), p. 110.
See, e.g., Signal Hill, California , Bakersfield, California ; Los Angeles, California
20th Century-Fox , MGM , Paramount , Columbia Pictures , and find as well Film studio
Douglas Aircraft , North American Aviation , Northrop , Lockheed Aircraft were one of the complicated involving firms inside the aerospace business which often flourished within California throughout plus soon after World War II
Gaither, Chris and also Chmielewski, Dawn C ( . Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2006-10-10.
Watson (2005) seems to be at 's notion of Western joint venture throughout such California precious metal speed stories since "The Luck of Roaring Camp` (1868), "Tennessee's Partner" (1869), in addition to "Miggles" (1869). While pundits have prolonged recognized Harte's curiosity about gender constructs, Harte's depictions involving Western partnerships additionally take a look at transforming characteristics of financial marriages as well as gendered relationships as a result of stipulations with contract, common support, along with the bonds regarding labor. Matthew A. Watson, "The Argonauts connected with '49: Class, Gender, as well as Partnership around Bret Harte's West." Western American Literature august 2005 40(1): 33-53.
Gold Rush pictures for the state seal consist of a new forty-niner searching with a select and shovel, a the pan to get panning gold, and a "long-tom." In addition, the actual boats to the drinking water advocate your crusing ships completing your Sacramento River in addition to San Francisco Bay through the Gold Rush era.
historichwy49.com. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 168 169.
^ Brands, H. W. (2003), pp. 195 196.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 174 178.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 169 173.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 94 100.
Hill, Mary (1999), pp. 105 110.
earthquakes - over at almost every other time in the fantastic track record pertaining to northern California - prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Widely in the past viewed as precursory task towards 1906 earthquake, they have also been identified to acquire your robust seasonal pattern in addition to ended up found to become due to large seasonal sediment a good deal in coastal bays in which overlie mistakes subsequently with mining involving gold inland. Seasonal Seismicity involving Northern California Before the actual Great 1906 Earthquake , (Journal) Pure and Applied Geophysics, ISSN 0033-4553 (Print) 1420-9136 (Online), volume 159, Numbers 1-3 / January, 2002, Pages 7-62.
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